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1 Australian Wools
Australia is the world's greatest wool producing country, and supplies nearly 900 million Lb. yearly. Mainly merino. Only a small percentage of the wools are crossbreds. The wools, in the shorn state, are very yolky and only yield about 50 per cent pure wool after scouring. Owing to the vast-ness of the country there is a very wide range in qualities of wool, but all of them are of a high quality. Australian merino wool is classifiable into three chief types, which undergo modification according to the conditions of different localities: Fine, showing about 24 crimps to the inch. Medium, with 18 / 22 crimps and a blunt tip at the end of the fibre. Strong, with 14 / 18 crimps an altogether longer staple, and a knob-like tip. -
2 Domestic Wools
An American term for the fleece wools, or, as they are sometimes termed, washed fleeces, bright wools, territories, Texas and Californias. Broadly, the term Domestic Wools include all wools grown in the United States. Washed Fleeces include the Ohio, Pennsylvania and Michigan fleeces, and are very similar to Australian wools in fineness and felting properties. Bright Wools are slightly coarser but more lustrous than the washed fleeces. Territory Wools are somewhat similar to the above and derive their name from the fact that they come from the West and Northern States, which for many years were under territorial government. -
3 Botany Wools
(1) All fine Australian wools are better known in Great Britain as Botany wools, and the term is used extensively in the United States. The name is taken from the harbour called Botany Bay, which is located on the eastern coast of Australia, in the State of New South Wales. The district adjacent to this bay is noted for the production of fine wools (2) General term for all classes of fine wool. They are sorted according to counts they will spin, without any other names. -
4 Cape Wools
These are South African wools, and vary from the coarsest to very fine. Generally they are rather tender, less wavy and less elastic than Australian wools and do not felt so well. Much used for shawls, hosiery and fabrics that do not require felting. Cape Snow-White is the best quality. -
5 Adelaide Wools
Most of the wools from the State of South Australia are sold in Adelaide, and are known as Adelaide wools. The Australian merino also bears this name. It has a fine fibre, sound staple, but irregular in length, and contains a large amount of yolk and sand. Lower in quality than Sydney wool and mostly used for weft. Has good felting qualities. -
6 Montevideo Merinos
Wools from this district are somewhat short and frequently have a full spongy " handle." They are extensively blended with Australian fine wools, chiefly for economic purposes. Their properties in respect to milling, strength and elasticity are inferior to typical Australian wools.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Montevideo Merinos
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7 Botany
The finest of worsted yarns, and used for the best fabrics. A term applied to fine Australian wools of best quality. The fibre is fairly short and curly and has a large number of waves and serrations to the inch. (The term was originally applied to merino wool grown near Botany Bay, Australia). Today the terms " Botany " and " Merino " mean the same thing, viz., the fine, wavy wool clipped from the merino sheep. In the trade it is usual to refer to these fine wools as merino, while in the raw state, and as botany during processing and afterwards. -
8 New Zealand Wool
A high-grade crossbred wool and one of the most useful wools of commerce. It is obtained by crossing merino ewes with Lincoln or Leicester rams. It has a staple of good and regular length and is soft in handle. It is used extensively for mixing with shoddy and mungo fibres to impart bulk and spinning qualities. New Zealand wools in the main are fairly free from vegetable matter, and this gives the wools a value very often more than like qualities from other countries. Merino wool is a small part of New Zealand production, probably not more than 5 per cent. The wool is generally free from vegetable matter, but is rather "lean" in character, the quality is not equal to the better-known Australian types, while the shrinkage is fairly heavy owing more to heavy grease rather than earthy matter. -
9 Russian Wool
Large quantities of wool of various types are grown in Russia, and most of it finds its way into Russian and Polish mills, and occasionally to Germany also. The merino wools from South Russia are often very fine, but lack the elasticity of Australian merino, and appear " leaner," " weftier " and without the full crimp so prominent in good-class wools. The crossbred and carpet wools also lack character, being less uniform in fibre build, and often require to be graded down. -
10 Felting Property
The characteristic, possessed by many wool fibres to a more or less degree, of interlocking together. Fine Australian merino is supposed to be the best felting wool. Good felting wools make the firmest cloths.
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